AD-TGE, ad- tge. Examining the Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and Total Factor Productivity on Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions in Major Oil-Exporting Countries. The Gulf Economist, [S. l.], v. 42, n. 67, p. 293–316, 2026. Disponível em: https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/view/225. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2026.