The impact of paradoxical leadership on customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior: An Applied Study of a Sample of Rafidain Bank Employees
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Abstract This research aims to examine the impact of paradoxical leadership on customer-oriented organizational citizen behavior, by analyzing the relationship between modern leadership styles and employee performance. The research is based on a comprehensive theoretical framework and a literature review and seeks to fill a knowledge gap in this field. PLS-SEM was used to analyze data, test hypotheses, and assess model quality. The results revealed a positive relationship between paradoxical leadership and organizational citizen behavior, with psychological safety playing an effective role in supporting innovation. The study recommended a balanced application of paradoxical leadership, promoting a flexible work environment that encourages knowledge sharing, and providing ongoing training. It also proposed studying the impact of effective communication and supporting individual initiatives in the future to improve organizational performance.
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