Measuring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Earnings persistence in Companies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this study is to measure earnings Persistence in GCC companies before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study sample consists of 335 companies in the GCC countries. The study used a regression model to test the study hypothesis. The results showed a decline in earnings Persistence in companies operating in the GCC as a whole before the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as at the level of each individual country. The results also indicated a decline in earnings Persistence in companies operating in the GCC as a whole, as well as at the level of each individual country, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Canina, L., & Potter, G. (2019). Determinants of earnings persistence and predictability for lodging properties. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 60(1), 40-51.
Choirina, A., & Ahmar, N. (2013). The effect of earning persistence toward financial performance of listed banks in Indonesia stock exchange. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 3(1), 1-8.
Dechow, P., Ge, W., & Schrand, C. (2010). Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences. Journal of accounting and economics, 50(2-3), 344-401.
Demerjian, P. R., Lev, B., Lewis, M. F., & McVay, S. E. (2013). Managerial ability and earnings quality. The accounting review, 88(2), 463-498.
Diab, A., Abdelazim, S. I., & Aly, S. A. S. (2024). The moderating effect of audit quality and COVID-19 on the dividend payout-firm performance relationship: Egypt evidence. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2297464.
Doukakis, L. C. (2010). The persistence of earnings and earnings components after the adoption of IFRS. Managerial Finance, 36(11), 969-980.
Ewert, R., & Wagenhofer, A. (2011). Earnings quality metrics and what they measure. Available at SSRN 1697042.
Fabrizi, M., Ipino, E., Longhin, F., & Parbonetti, A. (2023). The informativeness of earnings announcements during times of global uncertainty: Evidence from the Covid‐19 pandemic. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 31(5), 795-813.
Francis, J., LaFond, R., Olsson, P. M., & Schipper, K. (2004). Costs of equity and earnings attributes. The accounting review, 79(4), 967-1010.
Gaio, C., & Raposo, C. (2011). Earnings quality and firm valuation: international evidence. Accounting & Finance, 51(2), 467-499.
Herrmann, D., Inoue, T., & Thomas, W. B. (2000). The persistence and forecast accuracy of earnings components in the USA and Japan. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 11(1), 48-70.
Hoang, K., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, H., & Van Vo, L. (2023). Disaster response: The COVID-19 pandemic and insider trading around the world. Global Finance Journal, 56, 100814.
Hsu, Y. L., & Yang, Y. C. (2022). Corporate governance and financial reporting quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finance Research Letters, 47, 102778.
Huang, D. F., & Wang, C. L. (2013). Book‐tax differences and earnings quality for the banking industry: evidence from Taiwan. Pacific Accounting Review, 25(2), Ke, Y. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on firms’ cost of equity capital: Early evidence from US public firms. Finance Research Letters, 46, 102242.
Kim, J. B., Kim, J., & Lee, J. J. (2022). Earnings versus cash flows in equity valuation: evidence from the COVID-19 crisis. Available at SSRN 4010173.
Lajnef, K., & Ellouz, S. (2025). Do cultural differences moderate the relationship between CSR and earnings quality: common law evidence pre and during COVID-19 crisis. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 33(1), 213-240.
Landier, A., & Thesmar, D. (2020). Earnings expectations during the COVID-19 crisis. The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10(4), 598-617.
Le, B. N. T., Dang, B. K., & Nguyen, C. V. (2025). The effect of book-tax differences on earnings quality: an empirical study in Vietnam. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, Liu, H., Manzoor, A., Wang, C., Zhang, L., & Manzoor, Z. (2020). The COVID-19 outbreak and affected countries stock markets response. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(8), 2800.
Lu, H. T. (2024). The impact of COVID‐19 on investor response to earnings and monthly sales news. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 35(2), 287-302.
McNichols, M. F., & Stubben, S. R. (2008). Does earnings management affect firms’ investment decisions?. The accounting review, 83(6), 1571-1603.
Mulchandani, K., Mulchandani, K., & Vishnani, S. (2025). Impact of ESG reporting on earnings quality: evidence from India and influence of COVID-19. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 18(1), 178-197.
Ozili, P. K. (2021). Accounting and financial reporting during a pandemic. In New challenges for future sustainability and wellbeing (pp. 87-93). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Rababah, A., Al‐Haddad, L., Sial, M. S., Chunmei, Z., & Cherian, J. (2020). Analyzing the effects of COVID‐19 pandemic on the financial performance of Chinese listed companies. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(4), e2440.
Schipper, K., & Vincent, L. (2003). Earnings quality. Accounting horizons, 17.
Sloan, R. G. (1996). Do stock prices fully reflect information in accruals and cash flows about future earnings?. Accounting review, 289-315.
Ta, H., (2014),"Effects of IFRS Adoption on Earnings Quality: Evidence from Canada", Ph.D. Thesis, Drexel University, Philadelphia.